Biblical material relevant to
“Living With Women”
Scope note
“Living with women” is taken broadly: wives, mothers, daughters, sisters, widows, in-laws, female servants, neighbors, and women in the community of faith. Both Old and New Testaments are included.
1) Foundational principles about men and women
- Creation, shared divine image/value: Genesis 1:27; Genesis 2:18–24; Genesis 5:1–2.
- Neighbor-love and non-harm (applies to women as neighbors): Leviticus 19:18; Romans 13:9–10.
- Dignity/“co-heirs of the grace of life”: 1 Peter 3:7.
- Unity in Christ (status before God): Galatians 3:28.
- Wisdom about character and the home: Proverbs 14:1; Proverbs 11:16; Proverbs 31:10–31.
2) Marriage & cohabitation (how to live with a wife)
- Marriage as covenant/cleaving: Genesis 2:24; Malachi 2:14–16; Matthew 19:4–6; Mark 10:6–9.
- Mutual love, care, respect:
- Husbands love/sacrifice: Ephesians 5:25–33; Colossians 3:19.
- Live considerately/honor wives: 1 Peter 3:7.
- Mutual conjugal duty/authority over each other’s bodies: 1 Corinthians 7:3–5.
- Mutual submission in the household: Ephesians 5:21.
- Wives respect/submit to husbands (household code passages): Ephesians 5:22–24; Ephesians 5:33; Colossians 3:18; 1 Peter 3:1–6.
- Provision and responsibility for one’s household: 1 Timothy 5:8.
- Faithfulness; prohibition of adultery and coveting a neighbor’s wife: Exodus 20:14; Exodus 20:17; Deuteronomy 5:18; Deuteronomy 5:21; Proverbs 5:15–23; Proverbs 6:24–35; Hebrews 13:4; Matthew 5:27–28.
- Marital kindness vs. quarrelsomeness: Proverbs 12:4; Proverbs 18:22; Proverbs 19:13–14; Proverbs 21:9; Proverbs 21:19; Proverbs 27:15–16.
- Practical obligations (OT law): food, clothing, marital rights owed to a wife: Exodus 21:10.
3) Divorce, separation, remarriage
- Mosaic regulation of divorce/remarriage: Deuteronomy 24:1–4.
- Prophetic critique of treachery against one’s wife: Malachi 2:14–16.
- Jesus’ teaching on divorce: Matthew 5:31–32; Matthew 19:3–9; Mark 10:2–12; Luke 16:18.
- Pauline counsel: 1 Corinthians 7:10–16; 1 Corinthians 7:39-40 (including separation; 1 Corinthians 7:mixed-faith marriages; 1 Corinthians 7:widow/widower remarriage “in the Lord”).
4) Mixed belief marriages / partnering
- OT cautions against marriages that lead to idolatry: Deuteronomy 7:3–4; 1 Kings 11:1–4; Ezra 9; Ezra 10; Nehemiah 13:23–27.
- NT guidance: marry “in the Lord”: 1 Corinthians 7:39; 1 Corinthians principle of unequal yoking often applied:2 Corinthians 6:14-7:1.
5) Sexual ethics, consent, and protection
- General sexual holiness: Leviticus 18; Leviticus 20; 1 Thessalonians 4:3–6.
- Adultery/fornication prohibited: Exodus 20:14; Proverbs 5; Proverbs 6; Proverbs 7; 1 Corinthians 6:9–20; Hebrews 13:4.
- Assault/rape laws and narratives:
- Laws: Deuteronomy 22:25-27 (violent assault condemned); Deuteronomy 22:28–29; Exodus 22:16–17.
- Narratives condemning sexual violence: 2 Samuel 13; Judges 19.
- Incest prohibitions (protecting close female relatives): Leviticus 18:6–18; Leviticus 20:11–21; Deuteronomy 27:20–23; 1 Corinthians 5.
- Menstruation and sexual relations: Leviticus 15:19–24; Leviticus 18:19; Leviticus 20:18; Ezekiel 18:6.
- Prostitution prohibited: Leviticus 19:29; Deuteronomy 23:17–18; Proverbs 23:27–28; 1 Corinthians 6:15–20.
- Positive celebration of marital intimacy: Song of Songs (e.g., 4:1–16; 7:1–13).
6) Polygyny/concubinage and related safeguards (OT context)
- Examples and cautions in narratives: Genesis 29; Genesis 30; 1 Samuel 1:1–8; 2 Samuel 3:2–51 Kings 11:1-8 (negative outcomes).
- Legal protections where polygyny existed: Exodus 21:10-11 (continued obligations to a first wife)Deuteronomy 21:15-17 (firstborn rights not to be denied).
- Captive-wife regulation (humanizing constraints in an ancient setting): Deuteronomy 21:10–14.
7) Obligations to mothers, daughters, sisters, and in-laws
- Honor parents (includes honoring one’s mother): Exodus 20:12; Deuteronomy 5:16; Proverbs 23:22–25; Ephesians 6:1–3.
- Respectful conduct toward older/younger women: 1 Timothy 5:1–2.
- Protection and dignity for widowed mothers: John 19:26-27 (Jesus and Mary).
- Daughters’ care and protections: Numbers 30 (vows under father/husband authority in OT law)Numbers 27:1–11; Numbers 36:1-12 (inheritance-daughters of Zelophehad).
- Brother-in-law (levirate) duty to a widow: Deuteronomy 25:5–10Ruth 1–4 (narrative application via kinsman-redeemer).
- In-law loyalty and support: Ruth 1:16–17; Ruth 2:11–12; Ruth 4:13–17.
8) Widows—care, justice, and household duty
- God’s concern; community obligation: Exodus 22:22–24; Deuteronomy 10:18; Deuteronomy 14:28–29; Deuteronomy 24:17–22; Isaiah 1:17; Jeremiah 7:6; Zechariah 7:9–10.
- NT religion “pure and undefiled”: James 1:27Acts 6:1-6 (provision structures).
- Family first line of support: 1 Timothy 5:3-16 (including guidance for households and church).
9) Household economy and daily life with women
- Portrait of an industrious wife managing a household and commerce: Proverbs 31:10–31.
- Younger widows/wives “manage the household”: 1 Timothy 5:14 (ESV “manage; 1 Timothy 5:” Gk. oikodespotein).
- Hospitality to women and with women: 2 Kings 4:8–10; Luke 10:38–42; Romans 16:1–2.
- Sabbath rest extends to daughters and female servants: Exodus 20:10; Deuteronomy 5:14.
- Fair treatment of female servants: Exodus 21:7-11 (specific protections)Deuteronomy 15:12-18 (release).
10) Conflict handling, reconciliation, and vows
- Marital reconciliation/consent about intimacy: 1 Corinthians 7:3–6.
- Peacemaking broadly (applies within homes): Matthew 5:9; Ephesians 4:31–32; Colossians 3:12–15.
- OT regulation of women’s vows in the household: Numbers 30.
11) Dress, modesty, and customs (domestic/community overlap)
- Modesty and inner character emphasized: 1 Timothy 2:9–10; 1 Peter 3:3–4.
- Head-coverings and honor/shame rationale in worship (household-community interface): 1 Corinthians 11:2–16.
12) Women in the community of faith (shaping household life indirectly)
- Older women teaching younger women what is good (home-life virtues): Titus 2:3–5.
- Mutual ministry of a married couple: Acts 18:2–3; Acts 18:18; Acts 18:26 (Priscilla and Aquila).
- Jesus’ interactions modeling dignity toward women: Luke 7:36–50; Luke 8:1–3; Luke 10:38–42; Luke 13:10–17; John 4:7–26; John 8:1–11; Mark 5:25–34.
13) Case studies & narratives that inform domestic life
- Ruth & Ruth Boaz (care for a vulnerable widow; Ruth honorable courtship):Ruth 2; Ruth 3; Ruth 4.
- Abigail and Nabal (wisdom and peacemaking in a difficult marriage): 1 Samuel 25.
- Hannah (piety within marriage; family worship): 1 Samuel 1; 1 Samuel 2.
- Proverbs 7 (warning against predatory adultery); Proverbs contrast withSong of Songs (mutual desire within marriage).
14) “Edge” or specialized topics still relevant
- Bride-price/dowry customs: Exodus 22:16–17; Genesis 24; Genesis 29:18–20; Genesis 34:12.
- Guardianship/arrangement of marriages in some contexts: 1 Corinthians 7:36–38.
- Oaths and rash vows affecting women (cautionary narrative): Judges 11:30-40 (interpretations vary).
15) Summary themes (with representative citations)
- Covenant fidelity and sacrificial love ground domestic life (Genesis 2:24; Malachi 2:14–16Ephesians 5:25-33).
- Mutual obligations, respect, and consideration are commanded (1 Corinthians 7:3–5; Ephesians 5:211 Peter 3:7).
- Justice and provision for vulnerable women (widows, servants) are non-negotiable (Exodus 22:22–24James 1:27).
- Sexual faithfulness, consent, and protection are legislated and celebrated (Deuteronomy 22:25–27; Proverbs 5; Proverbs 6; Proverbs 7Song of Songs).